How effectively does Stephenson create a sense of mystery and intrigue Essay

When Robert Louis Stevenson wrote the novella Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde at the time Victorian London was a terrible place to live in, for instance, London was riddled full of prostitution. Most of London was dilapidated because there was no sanitation system so London had a terrible stench to it. It was smoggy because of the factories and there was a great deal of of child cruelty. Children as young as five would have to work in appalling conditions just in order to eat. There was crime because back then the police were unreliable, drunk and they weren’t introduced until 1829, and there were major unsolved crimes like Jack the Ripper, but on the positive side etiquette was seen as important. We can see in this by the way Dr Utterson behaves, but unfortunately the lower class as you will discover later on in the novella tend to take etiquette less to account There is significant reference to Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution which in those days meant that people believed that there were two halves to the human character , the noble side and the criminal or animal side, the noble side being Dr Jekyll and the animal and criminal side being Mr. Hyde. Stevenson helps make this apparent by his description of Hyde making him look repulsive, ugly and having a terrible temper and an animal like behaviour. The Victorians had a belief that once you’re a criminal you stay a criminal because the criminals were naturally bad. We can see this by the way In which everyone who sees him describes him as â€Å"†Particularly small and particularly wicked-looking, is what the maid calls him,† said the officer.† The fact that this sort of reaction is natural to everyone who sees Mr Hyde implies to us that firstly Stevenson believed in the ‘criminal class’ theory, Mr Hyde is living proof of this. The atmosphere throughout the majority of the book is eerie and mysterious because of the darkness of the area and how slummy it is, with all of the dilapidation and crime rife. This also helps to give out a sense of mystery and intrigue at the same time. † Two doors from one corner, on the left hand going east the line was broken by the entry of a court; and just at that point a certain sinister block of building thrust forward its gable on the street.† This quotation here also gives out a sense of imminent danger the word sinister shows this to us because it gives out a negative impression of the house and the area around the house You may have also noticed as you read through the whole book that if you read through it carefully enough you would discover several links to the first chapter for instance the murder of Sir Danvers Carew and the attack on the little girl. Both of these clues are linked due to the fact that they were both unprovoked and also because they are both examples of the fierce aggresion Mr Hyde displays all throughout the book. â€Å"Well, sir, the two ran into one another naturally enough at the corner; and then came the horrible part of the thing; for the man trampled calmly over the child’s body and left her screaming on the ground† This is also shows yet another reference to Charles Darwin’s Origin of the Species again, with Mr Hyde this time round, displaying his criminal side. This quotation shows Mr. Hyde’s potential for extreme violence and even potential murder Other people display their † animal side† to them during the book when The girl’s family and the girl’s doctor had â€Å"I knew what was in his mind, just as he knew what was in mine; and killing being out of the question,† this also shows how everyone has an â€Å"animal side† within themselves. Another recurring clue that appears and re- appears in this book is the theme of the key. For instance, the key and references to the key have been written throughout the book. â€Å"Mr. Utterson again walked some way in silence and obviously under a weight of consideration.†You are sure he used a key?† he inquired at last.† If you were to go through the book at any point you would discover how important this key was. And the fact that Mr Utterson is asking a question â€Å"Are you sure he used a key?† also raises the mystery surrounding the key, because his doubt makes you wonder about why he has his doubts about the key Furthermore is the matter of the Door which seems to be a complete mystery and just as the key is, it is mentioned several times throughout the book, this has a significance because firstly the door serves as a main clue you â€Å"Black Mail House is what I call the place with the door, â€Å" The name given to the place with the door, ( Blackmail house) helps bring in intrigue to the door and the secret behind it because of the negative association with the door, thus increasing our intrigue in this constantly mentioned door and the secret that lies behind it. The word â€Å"Blackmail† also suggests that there is surreptitious activity going on in that house. The other strange clue that is hinted at earlier on in chapter I is the whole matter of the cheque book’s signature which Utterson remarks upon. â€Å"drawn payable to bearer and signed with a name that I can’t mention, though it’s one of the points of my story, but it was a name at least very well known and often printed. â€Å" the handwriting of the signature has a significant link to a main character in the later chapters of the book and serves as a huge clue during the book, this also creates a feel of curiosity because by his teasing the information to you it hieghtens the feel of tension and intrigue. Furthermore there are plenty of comparisons to Mr Hyde and the devil which are used almost as frequently as Robert Louis Stevenson uses Mr Hyde and the animal like comparisons. † I could see that–but carrying it off, sir, really like Satan† This quotation highlights again Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, which also show’s how terrible a person Mr Hyde can possibly be. This is also significant because here we can see Mr. Hyde being personified as the devil Another important clue that Robert Stevenson introduces to us is Mr Hyde’s cheque and his unbelievable wealth, which is linked on to another part of the story where the mysterious will is brought along, as well as the handwriting of Mr Hyde where Mr Utterson takes the cheque as a comparison † I took the liberty of pointing out to my gentleman that the whole business looked apocryphal, and that a man does not, in real life, walk into a cellar door at four in the morning and come out with another man’s cheque for close upon a hundred pounds.† We can see from this that Mr Hyde is rich enough to throw money around and this also shows his shiftiness because of the way he had jus walked into his house and had then started to throw money all around the place in order to make himself look better. Stevenson uses the setting of the house and the house’s area already gives us a negative impression of the house, and also implies that the house is empty and neglected even though in reality it is quite opposite to our impression. â€Å"Discoloured wall on the upper; and bore in every in every feature the marks of prolonged and sordid negligence.† This quotation tells us how the house is in bad disrepair, and how it is almost rotting away due to the â€Å"negligence† Another example of this negligence which has just proceeded away is shown again later on in chapter I page 11, we can see this by his description of his house â€Å"For close on a generation no one had appeared to drive away these random visitors or to repair their ravages.† This links to a quotation which I had made earlier on during the essay about Mr. Utterson which adds to the mystery because it makes you wonder about how someone can have a key to a house that has been in disrepair for years and then have the ability to pay out 100 pounds, because of these illogical clues the reader will then be drawn into the book more in order to figure out these clues. In conclusion we can tell the Dr Louis Stephenson had effectively used the clues during the first chapter of this book because firstly there is a large amount of references to later clues scattered throughout the book, secondly most of the links to the clues we can see here are not vague and the links between them are strong and solid. We can also see from this that Stephenson had created an immense sense of intrigue because of firstly the setting he chose, which was the dark, late night when all the criminals are roaming. Also he had increased the sense of intrigue by having the main character have an illogical sudden fear of the streets. He also uses the typical setting of a crime scene, which is dark, early morning when few people which people see as dangerous, by doing this Stevenson had therefore managed to draw in more people into his novella.

Pharmacy school admission Essay

A glimpse at the list of the top ten most desirable jobs in world will reveal that everyone either wants to be a fireman, doctor, lawyer or an airline pilot. Further down that line and one will discover that being a Doctor of Pharmacy is not among the list of most desirable jobs. This is an understandable fact given that not everyone comprehends the importance and complexity of the job. Unlike others, however, I was given the wonderful opportunity to see just what a Doctor of Pharmacy does and as such, it has strengthened my desire to be one. Probably one of the main reasons why I am keen on pursuing a Doctor of Pharmacy degree is because of my lifelong passion for helping out people. I vividly remember the first time I entered a Pharmacy. My uncle, who managed the Pharmacy at the corner of where I grew up as a child, had brought me to where he worked. He told me that it was like a candy store except that it was for grown ups and that it also made people happy. The moment he opened those doors and ushered me into the Pharmacy I was dumbfounded. Never had I seen so many colorful bottles and pills in orange plastic cylinders that looked no bigger than a tic-tac. If my uncle hadn’t told me that they were not candy I swear I could have eaten them all. The most amazing thing about that experience however was not how wonderful the store seemed to me back then as a child but the fact that every person who walked into that Pharmacy that day seemed to know him by name while he also knew them by heart. He knew their families, their ailments, their refills and prescriptions. He could even tell you from the handwriting alone which doctor had written out the prescription. This was a man of character and man who lived his life to help others. It was never a glamorous job yet that day, my uncle was a star. It was this passion that my uncle had for helping people and giving them the medicines that they needed that first got me thinking about pursuing a Doctor of Pharmacy degree. I have always believed that living life for oneself is not fulfilling. There is so much more to life than just the accumulation of material wealth. While I am certainly not preaching a religion, I would like to express my opinion that life should be lived in the service of others. The contributions that one can make to his community should never be overlooked. That is one of the reasons why I have chosen this profession and that is why I am confident that I will be able to be a catalyst of change in the future.

How does Miller present ideas about reputation in A View from the Bridge? Essay

In A View from the Bridge, Miller portrays many ideas about reputation, especially in the battle for reputation between the two main men of the play, Eddie and Marco. He also showcases the way in which a failure to settle for half in maintaining one’s reputation can lead to downfall, and also portrays the way in which not conforming to stereotypes can lead to people not taking you seriously, thereby leading to a ruining of your reputation. Initially, Miller portrays reputation as a very important part of the Italian Moral Code, and showcases how ruining someone’s reputation can be punished very harshly in by Sicilian Morals. After Eddie reports on Marco, Marco is seen to say ‘In my country, he would be dead’, due to Eddie ruining Marco’s reputation, and, as Marco puts it ‘degrading my brother and removing my children’. The fact that Eddie would receive this harsh a punishment, for simply abiding by the law shows how seriously reputation is taken in Sicilian morals, and how derogatory it is for someone’s reputation to be ruined. Eddie also is shown by Miller to be concerned about his reputation, because he states that ‘Marco’s got my name’, and that ‘he gonna give it back to me in front of this neighbourhood’. This goes to shows how, in a primarily Italian community, one’s reputation can have severe implications on how someone is treated within society. This can also be seen through the narrative parallel of the story of Vinny Bolzano, who was shunned by society for informing upon his own uncle, and thereby losing his ‘reputation’. Through this, Miller portrays the importance of someone’s reputation in other cultures, and this would have been fairly striking to the contemporary American audience. Furthermore, Miller portrays how a failure to settle for half in keeping your reputation leads to downfall. Throughout the play, Marco is portrayed as settling for half, except at the end of the play, where in his opinion, he has option but to kill Eddie. When Marco has just arrived at Eddie’s house, he belittles his own reputation, saying ‘when you say go, we go’, showing how he recognises Eddie as the master of the household, and that he settles for simply being a visitor. Later in the novel however, when Eddie tries to prove his strength against Marco, Marco is said to have ‘raised the chair like a weapon over his head’. This shows how Marco is now considered as Eddie’s equal or even his superior, and hints of aggression and violence are seen due to the use of the direction ‘like a weapon’, and this could possibly be used by Marco to maintain and prove his reputation against Eddie. However, at the end of this scene, the curtains close for the interval, and it can be assumed that the incident was taken no further, showing how Marco has settled for half there. At the end of the play however, Marco outright kills Eddie, and does not settle for half, as he tries to maintain his reputation, and ruin Eddies, showing how important this reputation is to them. However, through this, Miller is possibly trying to suggest that maintaining a reputation should not be a priority, and that people should be able to settle for half. Miller also portrays the way in which one can receive a bad reputation for not following stereotypes. Eddie initially seems to aware of this issue, as he tells Rodolpho to ‘wait a minute’ while singing, showing how he is aware of the fact that his reputation will get damaged if he does not comply to the stereotype of a dockworker. In addition, Mike and Louis state how Rodolpho is seen as a ‘Paper Doll’, and how he has a ‘sense of humour’ and is always ‘making remarks’. This is in distinct contrast to the ‘regular slave’ of Marco, and the fact that Marco is ‘regular’ further highlights the way in which Rodolpho is different, and ‘stands out from the crowd’, and this in turn results in the ruining of his reputation, as he is not taken seriously by any of the other characters, due to him not behaving like the stereotypical masculine 1950s man. Perhaps, Miller uses this to highlight the way in which standing out from the stereotype in contemporary society leads to this ruining of reputation. Overall, Miller uses these ideas about reputation to contrast the Sicilian code of honour to the American culture that the contemporary audience will have been used to, and accurately showcases the importance of reputation to people from an Italian background, as well as this reputation affects how one is treated in society.

Statistics in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Statistics in Business - Essay Example ii. Inferential statistics is the second type that deals with the collection of samples from a large statistical set of data and deducing general conclusions. Therefore, descriptive statistics summarizes business data while inferential statistics computes the same information in the form of representative samples. i. Nominal statistics. It is the categorical discrete data for example names that represent the units being measured. In business such names may include examples like the types of cars being sold or the organizational department involved in a particular transaction ii. Ordinal or Rank. Refers to the ordering or ranking of the quantities being measured. A business empire may choose to rate its departments in a particular order of merit when conducting statistical analysis iii. Interval data. It is similar to ordinal in terms of ranking except for the fact the intervals between statistical values are split on an equal basis. Financial information appertaining to a business can be split orderly to create equal intervals to aid in statistical analysis iv. Ratios. Show statistical relationships between various sets of data. Therefore, comparison of financial and other statistical business information is made possible. Examples of business ratios are liquidity, profitability and efficiency Statistics gives a scope of the market and enable the managing body of a business to plan appropriately for the customers. When statistical analysis is conducted on a representative sample of customers, the process becomes cost-effective because not every customer has to be involved. Therefore, the organization is able to formulate a cost-effective financial plan in relation to the target market. Leaders in business organizations make vital decisions for the business. Such decisions should be supported by an accurate and substantive basis. Statistical

Assignment 3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

3 - Assignment Example The spot gasoline prices are the prices that have an influence on the wholesale of gasoline. This is the price paid by stations when filling their storage tanks. The current price of commodity is $2.18 per gallon (Roseman n.d). This changes depending with season. For instance, during winter the prices are likely to go down by almost a half. The specifications for the commodity have changed since 1998 (Brand n.d). This is as way of keeping up with the new technologies being invented and especially in the oil production and refinery sectors. Also, the changes in the commodity specification are a method of creating environmental friendly products thereby reducing the products negative impacts on the environment (Roseman n.d). Sulphur levels in the Canadian gasoline are not to average more than 30 parts per million. Similarly, the sale of Benzene has been limited to 1.5% by volume. The current future of gasoline is that the prices are likely to shoot. This is because this is what has been trending from February 2015 until March 9 2015 (Roseman n.d). For example, the price was $2.332 on February 23 2015, $2.473 on March 2 2015 and $2.487 on March 9 2015 (Brand n.d). This explains the trend that the prices are going up every week. I expect the price of gasoline to average $3/bbl. The reason for this projection is that the current futures are suggesting a very high uncertainty in the overall price outlook. For instance, the future contracts for May 2015 averaged $52/bbl. This indicates an average of 52% volatility and 95% upper and lower limits. This confirms that the market expectations will widen over time. In my opinion, I would recommend that the projections for the commodity be set a month before the release of the commodity. The executive committee should avoid long duration’s predictions as this is affecting the price of gasoline. For example, if they predict the price shall go up even when the economy is doing great, the

The Lady with the Pet Dog by Anton Chekhov Essay

The Lady with the Pet Dog by Anton Chekhov - Essay Example The story attempts to bring about the argument that love and morality can be separated as one is not necessarily a virtue of the other. The story is based on two individuals who have different and separate lives but have not had the experience of true love until they meet one another while on vacation in Yalta. This puts them in a state where they are obligated to choose between continuing their lives as it was before they met once they separate or find a means of exploring their love further which leads to the development of an affair as both characters are married. The story thus brings out the aspect that true love cannot be ignored by those who are involved. The story brings to light the characteristic that true love is unexpected and cannot be planned ahead of time. This is seen in various parts of the story whereby neither Gurov nor Anna expect to fall so deeply for one another seen in statements such as â€Å"In another month, he fancied, the image of Anna Sergeyevna would be shrouded in a mist in his memory, and only from time to time would visit him in his dreams with a touching smile as others did.† (Chekhov) Gurov assumed that he would be able to easily forget the woman he met while on vacation once he got back to his normal routine but soon found out that this was not possible and to his surprise as time passed on he found he was still not able to stop thinking about Anna. This is seen in the statement, â€Å"But more than a month passed, real winter had come, and everything was still clear in his memory as though he had parted with Anna Sergeyevna only the day before.† (Chekhov) Both characters had gone to Yalta on vacation with no expectations of finding love but as a result of circumstantial meeting ended up finding an individual that they could see themselves spending their entire lives with. The correlation between love and morality also played a part in the story as well. Both Anna and Gustov married young and have been in a rela tionship for a number of years before they met but this fact does not stop them from falling in love. It is also seen that they are in fact not in love with their spouses when Chekhov states that Gustov â€Å"considered her unintelligent, narrow, inelegant, was afraid of her, and did not like to be at home† while Anna refers to her husband as a â€Å"flukery† (Chekhov). The story brings about the question whether one is able to find love in immorality as the two characters are involved in an affair, which is considered a moral taboo but at the same time, are in love with one another. The issue of the use of ambiguity is another topic brought to light through the author’s stylistic methods. This is seen in the fact that Gustov’s wife is not mentioned by name as Chekhov simply refers to her as â€Å"his wife†. The town which Anna lives in is also not mentioned and the letter S is used in its place giving the hint that this is the letter that the name starts with. The end of the story is ambiguous as well as no solution is reached by the two lovers on how they can stop living in secret and bring their love out to the light. The use of ambiguity can be said to be used by the author to keep the reader interested by instilling a sense of curiosity which leaves them guessing at the unanswered questions. It can also said to be used to allow the author to concentrate on the main aspects of the story such as the story of the two characters instead of focusing on peripheral matters. The realist style used by the

Internet use for business -Chapter 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Internet use for business -Chapter 6 - Essay Example The basic use of internet for businesses is buying and selling of goods and services by creating E-commerce websites to sell their goods from cell phone contacts to CDs and books. Online eliminates the need of business store and in most case no holding an inventory. A business can also buy some items and services, such as bulk-buying or printed materials online by use of internet. Customers purchasing trends and interests are monitored by business owners on the internet. To find out what people think every day about a particular goods or service, owners of business can visit message boards and online networking sites. Feedback on this enables the business owners to improve on their products , for example, business owners can find out what car enthusiasts wants by visiting car forums or use internet to connect and communicate with the customers on websites. Businesses also use internet to discover new customers through advertising online. Internet enables the advertisers to reach possible customers quickly and efficiently. Pay-pr click advertisements are circulated on internet search engines and websites, to allow owners of the business to reach the potential customers using search terms allied to their business. The affordability and reach of internet advertising makes even smallest business owners in a position to compete with big businesses. When economic conditions get worse, IT must continue to perform at the same level with little money and fewer resources, all while IT remaining compliant. For the IT managers to get the visibility they need to: Internet has enhanced practices like telephone marketing and other support services like fax, direct sells among others. These are ways which facilitates relations in the industries and allow smooth movement of information among people. For example, lowering of prices to attract more customers can be advantageous for a short period of time before the

Reading Experience as an Undergraduate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reading Experience as an Undergraduate - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that the reporter  had a very good experience with some of the reading styles such as scanning in which I could look quickly through my textbooks and other reading materials to get relevant materials for his work. The reporter also learned how to skim which enabled him to read academic materials quickly to get the main points before deciding on what to write on. The author also had a chance to understand the best way of conducting a detailed reading to extract relevant information accurately as Schmeck, asserts. This style helped him to understand the main ideas in the academic literature and use them in enhancing my study and learning skills. In-depth reading is important and essential to enable one understand the concepts of and arguments in the texts.  This study highlights that the author also understood the best reading processes for one to acquire relevant information and extract important facts without straining. The reading process needs c ontinuous practice, development, and refinement to ensure a thorough understanding of the contents. He found it quite challenging to follow the reading process, as it required a lot of time and effort to ensure that everything was fully understood. He faced various successes and failures as he struggled with my academics, but the reporter was determined to fulfill his dreams. He  managed to be one of the best students in the college and continued to perform excellently in different academic courses.  

Surreal (subject is hair and make up) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Surreal (subject is hair and make up) - Essay Example This unorthodox artistic style is applied to a perception of how hair trends may be in the future, but the distortion and exaggeration incorporated into the hair style is an attempt to drive the viewer beyond what is traditional and familiar. The viewer’s sentiment may range anywhere from surprise or delight, to perplexity and even confusion, and in the extreme even a strong dislike or disgust. This type of artistic style is disturbing to many, and not a few will decide that they find it unacceptable and for being vulgar and boorish. Many famous artists are not appreciated during their lifetimes; their creations are mocked and derided, and this is not difficult to imagine in the case of Modigliani and other avant-garde artists. People could not understand the artist’s vision and his concept of reality, at least during his lifetime, because contemporaries are exposed to the same environment, and being exposed to the same context, the normal expectation is to perceive things in the same context. However, a good artist is ahead of his time, and he sees things beyond the context of his contemporaries. In most cases, visionary art is ignored during the artist’s lifetime, but appreciated by succeeding generations, so it is only after the artist’s death and when many of his works have been destroyed, lost or scattered, that the pieces of art become valued, even priceless. It is thus a pity that while the artist lives, his philosophy conveyed through his art and lifestyle are lost to oblivion, only to resurface later on and accorded the value it truly deserves. It is this timeless element of Modigliani’s distortion and exaggeration that I wish to capture and translate to a fashion statement for the future. The distortion and exaggeration works to enhance that element in the artist’s vision that escapes and is lost to the everyday observer, and the emphasis is to draw the ordinary person’s

The US and California Essay Example for Free

The US and California Essay The US and California Constitutions have changed in relationship to power in various ways as follows:- †¢ The relationship between the legislature and the judiciary has been one of the key constituents determining change. Thus when the Congress felt that the judiciary was assuming an all powerful and important role, an amendment has invariably come about in the US Constitution. †¢ One of the key issues which have been affected is the power between the North and the South or agricultural versus industrial economies of both the regions as signified by abolishment and resistance to slavery respectively. This has been one of the most complex issues which has been addressed through the Constitution affecting economic, political as well as social lives of people through abolishment of slavery in the 13th Amendment. The ratification of this amendment by states with the north leading the way during the Civil war and the secessionist Confederate States of America following up after defeat is an important period of change in the Constitution which has virtually reordered power. †¢ A part of the series of Reconstruction Amendments, the 14th and 15th Amendments in the Constitution granted citizenship and equal rights to non whites as any other citizens. This is one of the most powerful changes in the Constitution which has had a lasting impact not only in power, society and economy within American society but also in making the United States a beacon of freedom and liberty to the entire World. †¢ In California, the emergence of the Constitution of 1879 could ideally indicate the influence of power and its ability to reorder society in the State. The Constitution was adopted in times of grave economic and social crisis. During such periods there is limited influence of the government and public confidence on ability of the state to function effectively is also restricted. This has been reflected in the changes to the Constitution which placed restrictions on the power of the legislature. On the other hand with a view to carry out social and economic reform through the instrument of the Constitution, the document evolved was so detailed that even common statutes were included within it thus reflecting the influence of the times. Bibliography 1. Hyink, Bernard L. California Revises Its Constitution, Western Political Quarterly, September 1969, pp. 637-654. 2. Lee, Eugene. â€Å"The Revision Of California’s Constitution†. CPS Brief, Vol 3 No 3. April 1991. Berkeley : University of California.

Why Do We Need Criminal Law?

Why Do We Need Criminal Law? Why we need Criminal Law. Even though some believe that laws sometimes oppress the people, a society with laws would not be a society but more like a jungle because laws serve to regulate human interaction and laws enforce moral belief. The purposes of criminal law in its simplest form are to protect and serve society. Criminal law has basic functions that help protect society. Criminal law purpose in society function is to protect the basic moral of the people. In the early days in America, history during the so-called Wild West morality was a low point. Criminal without a regard for the law dominated the social norm during the cowboy era. Many townships did not have law enforcement and thus lawlessness had no buffer for crime. If control had not been restored the country in all probability would not exist today. The laws exist to create a line that must not be cross or else one will suffer the consequence of violating the law. According to Frank Schmalleger, the author of Criminal justice today, the fundamental to the concept of criminal law is the assumption that criminal act injure not just individuals, but society as a whole. (Schmalleger, 2011, p.117) Gleaning from his statement it is clear that when a crime is committed it does not only affect the victim but the community. When saying community this is to include family, friends, and possibly neighbors. Therefore, any time a law is broken it can affect many people. Moreover as a society, we need to have buffers to keep order or else disastrous society would be the norm. Since the law act as a buffer for lawlessness it is fair to say that it also set boundaries for law-abiding citizens. In order for criminal law to work these boundaries has to often deterrence. Deterrence is a goal of criminal sentencing that seeks to inhibit criminal behavior through the fear of punishment. (Schmalleger, 2011, p. 374) In order to persuade people violating the law, they need to know that there will be consequences for their actions. The purpose of deterrence is not merely to punish one for a crime it also exist t to persuade other from committing the same crime. Often time when one is drive on the interstate or freeways one will see law enforcement sitting on the side of the road. The present of the officer is a simply deterrence to driver speeding. General deterrence main goal is to reduce the probability of one committing a crime. (Schmalleger, 2011, p.374) When looking at general deterrence, it goal is stop deviance in the general population. Criminal law tries to use general deterrence that will stop future occurrence. When one in a store to shoplift they might see, a sign that state camera are monitoring the store. Furthermore, a store might have a security guard present to deter one stealing. The police might patrol an area near clubs where fight often occurs. However, there is specific deterrence that seeks to avoid repeat offenses. (Schmalleger, 2011, p.374) In specific deterrence, the goal is to prevent recidivism by convicted offenders. In this theory, it attempts to eliminate the offender repeat the crime by corporal punishment, three strike rule, and shock sentencing. When deterrence does not work the justice system only alternative is punishment. Punishment is much like deterrence in that it is seen as a crime preventive measure. Some see punishment as a nature and deserved consequence of criminal activity. (Schmalleger, 2011, p.374) If criminal law is to function correctly criminal have to know that if they commit a crime, especially after the system has place deterrence as a buffer to prevent one form committing a crime they will be punished. Punishment for offense such as child molestation is one of the toughest punishments for offenders. Next to the death penalty child molester are given the strict punishment. The offender are often limited to where they can live, seek employment and whom they can interact with in society. One might say that the punishment they receive is just but this punishment often led to recidivism. Therefore, the strictness of this punishment tends to defend the purpose. Society will say that the punishment is a success however, it is not rehabilitating. Punishment does have it place in society and does work but one must ask is punishment just or is just retribution with makeup. Retribution is seen as the act of taking revenge on criminal perpetrator. (Schmalleger, 2011, p.373) Retribution seems like the punishment that child molesters receive. The just deserts model is seen as the criminal getting what they deserve. (Schmalleger, 2011, p.374) However, this does not solve the problem it perpetual the problem in criminal law. The Court claims to justify the death penalty in retributive terms in part because execution vindicates the communitys interest in denouncing the conduct of the offender with the ultimate penalty. Nevertheless, the Courts analysis is problematic. First, if satisfying the communitys desire for punishment counts as a retributive goal, the Court uncritically understands the death penalty as the ultimate penalty. (Markel, 2009) In conclusion, society knows the purposes of criminal law in its simplest form are to protect and serve society. Criminal law can perform it basic functions, which is to help protect society. However, criminal law will never achieve it s objective if the criminal is not rehabilitated. Rehabilitation should be a main objective next protecting and serving. If society did not have criminal law, the society would not be to survive.

Richness And Density Of Information Information Technology Essay

Richness And Density Of Information Information Technology Essay E-commerce is a method of trading via internet. This came into practice and became popular after the people are aware of the advantages in using internet to shop for their needs. The term e-commerce can be defined as a means of modern technology to sell goods and services through a web portal to deal with the needs of customers and traders to minimize maintenance charges, development cost as well as the delivery to the customers. (Ritendra Goel, 2007). It can also be called as e-marketing and is one of the fastest developing industries in the present world. It is gaining its importance as the shopping is just a click away instead of the traditional way of going to the stores. It also contains the exchange of information to make easy about funding and payment options of the business dealings. A major percentage of e-commerce is done electronically for essential things like an access to premium content of companies. Online sellers are called as e-tailers and online retail which is also known as e-tail. Approximately all large retailers contain this e-marketing on internet. E-commerce carried out among businesses is known as Business to Business (B2B). This B2B could be open to various users in the aspects like product exchange or limited to particular products, pre-qualified members, public or private e-markets etc. E-commerce can also be applicable to customers and businesses, moreover it is referred to as Business to Customer (B2C). Amazon.com is one of the leading website of such kind. (Steven N. Kalpan and Luis Garicano, 2006). Unique characteristics of E-commerce These days, e-commerce is considered as a buzz word. Many of the users promote websites, affiliate marketing and SEO and other things, however their aim is to gather the clients and sell the online services or products of the corresponding company. Electronic medium is the main tool available to purchase the online products. Following are the considerable characteristics of e-commerce (E-Commerce, 2010): Ubiquity: In conventional commerce, the global market is a physical place where all the users visit to transact. For instance, radio and television are normally directed to motivate the consumers to visit the places to purchase the products. E-commerce is ubiquitous since it is present everywhere during all the times. E-commerce releases the marketplace from being constrained to a physical space and allows shopping the users from their desktop or laptops. Hence, the outcome is specified as market space. From the consumer point of view, ubiquity reduces the transactional costs. In order to perform, one does not require spending their money and time travelling to their nearer markets. More clearly, the ubiquity of e-commerce lessens the cognitive energy which is needed to complete a mission. Global Reach: Generally e-commerce is a technology which allows the commercial transactions to national and cross cultural boundaries extremely more effectively and conveniently when compared to conventional commerce. Hence, the possible market size of electronic merchants is approximately equal to the worlds online population size. Universal Standards: The unseal characteristic of e-commerce technology is the technological standards of Internet and hence the technological standards for carrying out e-commerce are generally the universal standards these are shared by all worldwide online users. Interactivity: Dissimilar to the commercial technologies of the present generation, there are possible ways of interactivity through telephone. Hence the technologies of e-commerce are interactive enabling the two-way communication among the consumers and merchants (E-Commerce, 2010). Richness and Density of information: Internet immensely increases the data density. Quality and total amount of data is available to the market participants, merchants and consumers. The technologies of e-commerce lessens the data collection, communication, storage and the handling costs. Simultaneously, these technologies enhance the timeliness and accuracy of data, enabling data more important and useful than ever before. Hence the data becomes cheaper, with higher quality and available in plenty. Richness of data refers to the content and complexity of a message. Personalization: The technologies of e-commerce allow personalization. Online merchants can aim their marketing notification to particular individuals by altering the message to an individuals name, their interests and previous purchases. The e-commerce technology also enables the customization. Online merchants can regulate the service or product based according to the prior behavior or users preferences. With the use of e-commerce technologies, it is easier for the merchants to recognize the online consumers and utilize the data more efficiently than ever before. Merchants can utilize this data to enhance the new data asymmetries, develop their capability to charge premium prices, brand products for high quality services and divide the marketplace into never-ending groups, sub-groups and everyone getting different prices based on their account history (E-Commerce, 2010). Research on E-Commerce The online transactions using the e-commerce are very high in the year 2006 with hundred billion dollars in United States of America i.e., ten percent of the years total domestic market which shows the increasing trends in online shopping. Almost 33% of the people doing online shopping are relaying on the search engines for their needs. But a characteristic feature of the online shopping trends that people believe in the word of mouth of others when it comes in selecting the best website for online shopping or of the company than the results found through the search engine. Before starting an e-commerce or business through website, there is a need for the firms to analyze the uses and suitability for their products or service which are being offered to customers. In the present market, the most common items being purchased online are Books, Cloths, perfumes, mobile, some of the grocery and latest technology products. So firms must recognize the areas in which e-commerce can be implemented unlike implying on all segments of business. They must decide before implementing electronic commerce in business dealings. This will enable the firms to adopt appropriate strategies to utilize the existing resources that are available in the company. While doing the research, it is found that e-commerce business is available for all the small to large businesses based on the brands or products. However, there are very few websites which got integrated with different brands or shops or products but the thing is only integration is with respect to the products like all the super markets shopping at one place or different mobile shops at one place but there was no website which could integrate irrespective of the category. When browsed online, it was noticed that most of them are very slow and didnt had good look and feel. Also, no security was provided to the customer details or card details. Hence, it resulted in designing the e-commerce website with the title iStore sounds like Internet Store. The project is a web application for users to browse and purchase different products from different shops or brands of their choice using the present upcoming technology known as Adobe Flex Builder and also a tool called Xampp which got the different servers and database integrated in one tool. The project is divided into two modules one is for admin side and the other is for user side. The admin side consists of different operations like adding stores, managing store, adding products under different categories with respect to the stores etc., and on the user side we got the features like viewing the products, adding them to the cart, checkout with fully secured features for card payments, login and logout etc. Mainly inspired by the online shopping business have determined to develop the solution for e-commerce using the latest technology in order to provide rich user interface , user friendly navigation and secured payment options. Features of e-commerce: Any Portal with the below features can be a e-shop. Categories: Generally the online stores have different categories like Books, Antiques, Baby products, Arts, Industrial and Business, Photo and Camera, Vehicles and Parts, Boats, Cars, PDAs and Mobile Phones, Shoes and Accessories, Clothing, Electronics, Toys, Jewelry, Computers and Networking, Dolls and Bears, Crafts, Movies and DVDs, Beauty and Health, Home and Garden, Music and Instruments, Watches, Pet Supplies, Glass and Pottery, Specialty Services, Real Estates, Sport Memo, Sporting Goods, Tickets, Stamps, Hobbies and Travel, Games, and etc. Online users can browse the above products to view and purchase the products. Products: The website enables the user to browse different product based on the categories. Accordingly, the products will be displayed with brief descriptions like price and name along with thumbnail images. Product Details: The complete details of the product can be viewed by the users by just clicking the on their desired product to see the product description, bigger image and video of the product and if the customer like the product, the customer can directly add the product to the cart.. Shopping Cart: E-commerce provides all the solutions for the online users. The e-commerce website generally specializes in business to consumer, business to business, Web Stats, Inventory Management and e-accounting. The websites of e-commerce are totally equipped with IP Fraud checking and ecommerce security. Hence, providing all the shopping cart features like enabling the users to add or remove the products to the shopping cart. The amount to be paid can be viewed by the customer on the cart panel. Login: Login page is provided so that user can get his desired products. Once the customer finishes the shopping they needs to login for the payment options which enables the security feature. If the customer is not a registered user, then customer has an option called New user? Register here to register himself. Once the registration is finished, he can complete the shopping. Registration : Registration form is provided so that the users can register themselves before purchasing their desired products. Here, the new user is intended to register with the website for finishing the shopping. Based on the details like User name, password, retype password ,e-mail id etc. to finish the registration. Payment Type : Once the customer is logged in he can pay the bill by two options like pay with cash or pay with card. Confirmation: Finally, the users are provided with the checkout product list for billing purpose. This process of checkout requires the Users to login in order to track their order. Admin: The site administrator has been provided with the admin panel to manage the stores and the store administration has been provided with the admin panel so as to manage the portal content such as products, categories, etc. Business Analysis: A business can be defined as an organisation or industry or online service that provides services like selling or buying the goods providing career to others. Any Business results either in profits and losses. To start a new business there is a need for good planning and organising, nevertheless research. Now-a-days business is not constrained to an organization or an industry but is boundless to the whole world considering e-business as an example. Online business is booming everywhere as it changes the way the people do their business using the internet with just a click without effecting other facility. Any business needs a strategy i.e., scope and direction to maintain the business for long term and to have good customers. Revenue: Any Business needs a revenue i.e., money which can be received from selling products or services. The total revenue for any company is calculated using the formula Total Revenue = Selling Price per unit *Number of units Sold For example if a company sales a single item for  £1.10 with a profit of  £0.40 than its revenue is ( £1.10 * 1)  £1.10 with a profit of  £0.40. Similarly for 10 items it would be ( £1.10 * 10) is  £11.00 would be the total revenue with a profit of  £4.00 i.e., profit is calculated as Profit = Total Revenue Total cost If the Revenue is greater than Total cost than it is profit and if revenue is less than total cost than it is loss. In the present project iStore the business gets the revenue from Once the store is registered, the store is provided with a 15days free trial and thereafter if the stores want to continue the store is charged particular amount. For every product sold from any store the iStore gets 5-10% of profit from the cost of item sold. User part got the advertising banner for advertising products or stores, which is one of the sources of revenue. For the delivery of the products the customer is charged  £3 for normal delivery and  £7.99 for the express delivery. In this business everything is insured like the products being sold, Equipment used like vehicles used for delivered .An insurance police will be provided to the company and also the employees. Methodolgy : This part of the document gives the information about the technologies used to develop the project and the technologies being used are compared with the other technologies avaliable in the market to show how good is the technology we are using. Background : The web designing projects are developed using different tools and technologies with a database. In general, a web desinging can be developed using the technologies like asp,jsp,java. Dot net, PHP, mxml, and xml etc and there are different databses like Oracle, SQL , MySQL etc. But, for the e-commerce application being developed uses PHP, Mxml , CSS and the database My SQL providing the customers to have a good look and security with easy navigation. Technology Assessment : Web Servers : Any Website is placed on a computer known as a webserver and this servers are always connected to the internet . Every websever is connected to the internet and is been given with a unique address which is a series of four numbers between 0 to 255. The range would be from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 . For Example 68.178.101.200 . Mainly there are four webservers in the market Apache HTTP Server : Apache web server is developed by Apache Software Foundation and it is the most popular web server used world wide . More than 60% of the web server machines use the Apace web server which is an open source software. The great thing of the Apache web server is it can be used or installed on almost all the operating systems like Linux,Unix, Windows ,FreeBSD, Mac OS X and more. Internet Information Services (IIS) : IIS is a web server from Microsoft it has got very high performance. IIS web servers are designed to run on windows NT/2003 and 2003 servers as this comes bundled with Windows NT/2003 and 2003. And even new version of IIS are avaliable for windows new versions. Lighttpd : The Lighttpd is a web server that is avaliable free and is distributed with the FreeBSD operating system and is pronounced lightly. As like Apache it is also a open source software which can run on the different operating systems like Windows, Mac OS X , Linux and Solaries. It got the features like fast, secure and consumes very less CPU power. Jigsaw : Jigsaw(W3Cs server) is also a open source software and avaliable free of cost and can be used on different platforms like Linux, Windows ,Unix, Free BSD, Mac OS X etc, and it is been developed in Java even than it can run CGI scripts and PHP programs. It comes with the World Wide Web association. Conclusion : Considering the features of the different servers available, I finalized to use Apache web server as it is most popular open source software and most of the hosting providers provided apache hosting. Web Application Scripting Tools: Any web application is developed using the scripting tools like PHP, ASP , JSP or Pyton for creating web pages. Benefits of PHP over other Scripting Tools PHP Hypertext Processor is a web programming language on server-side which can be embedded into HTML (Hyper Text Mark-up Language). The uses and benefits of PHP are extensive that includes any sort of server functionalities like taking the inputs from the user and manipulating and displaying the outputs. PHP is considered to be a platform independent as it runs on both UNIX and Windows servers thus it is considered to be more accessible than Windows (ASP). This scripting language is gaining its hold in the programming area of development. This is another language in the slot of object oriented language which even has speed on Linux server which is useful to build large and complex web application. PHP is a useful programming and scripting language as it is easy to integrate with the given web pages and allows for the use of advanced programming structures in the development. Another main advantage of PHP compared to other scripting languages is that it easily and very well interfaces with MySQL which is a popular type of online database. Another add-on point of PHP is that it is an Open Source code as it is available public for free whilst the source code for ASP.net and other language based product cannot be obtained. With all these reasons PHP is considered to be relatively cheap and best programming and scripting language for the open source products. As it is an open source programming language the code can be shared between the developers without any reflexes. This indeed leads to the stage where the developers can rely on each other for using the characteristic of reusability of the pieces of the code which can be termed as functions, classes instead of developing the common piece of code every time and reinventing the wheel. This scenario will reduce the production time vividly. Some of the benefits of PHP over other open source languages like JAVA are as follows: PHP is considered as more swift development tool in comparison with JAVA if once the developer once get used to the process of developing the simple web pages. There is no particular IDE for the development of PHP applications. There are some tools like Komodo for checking the syntax at real time process and debugging. It is not necessary to restart the server whenever it is required to update a PHP file unlike does in JAVA. Even this is not exact problem with JSPs but when it comes to Java Servlets the web server will try to unload all the classes from the memory and reload it as and when requested. These are some of the advantages of PHP over some other scripting languages and some other open source developing languages. Therefore I have chosen PHP for the project development process as it is open source, lightweight and rapid in comparison with other technologies like MS.NET Database : Any e-commerce needs to have a database for storing the data of the registered users, products, etc. In market, there are lot of database systems available like Oracle, MySQL , SQL Server etc. Benefits of My SQL over other Database Major database systems that are used in the present web developing systems are Microsoft MS SQL server and My SQL. These two systems are similar with respect to the general data manipulations some of the features like supporting the primary key operations, key indices which enables the user to speed up the operations and queries and restrain input. In addition to this these two systems Microsoft offer some form of support to XML formats. But the advantages of MySQL over the other start with its nature of open-source system which is not present in MS SQL server as it is a closed one and a build on proprietary structure. MySQL is an open storage and extensible database engine that offers multiple variations such as Berkeley DC, InnoDB, Heap and My ISAM while these options cannot be seen in MS SQL server as it offerings are limited only to a Sybase-derived engine. MySQL has major advantage of integrating impeccably with any number of web designed technologies and programming languages which keeps it over the MS SQL server. MySQL is also considered to be ahead in terms of its compatibility which works better than any Microsoft products. MySQL is considered as a robust, fast database with relatively good feature set. If any project is designed to be portable then its pretty good to implement on My SQL. It also offers a very good admin security and a good database system to implement. Postgre SQL is one of the other open s ource relational database management system which matches the standards and operations of SQL server and also runs on different platforms. In spite of all these features it is a slow due to its advanced features and becomes complicate to use by the developer in a large web developing projects (Mike Jewson, 2006). Due to these advantages, MySQL has been chosen for the database management system in this project. User Interface : Benefits of Adobe Flex over Silverlight Adobe flex is an open source structure which runs in adobe flash player to create rich internet applications (RIAs). It merges the functionality of desktop applications with that of the accessibility of web applications. This tool will allow for the speed prototyping of difficult web applications. The aim of flex is to understand the Adobes goal for its suite of products. And adobes goal is to influence the wide number of designers who already know with adobe design tools. Whereas for Microsoft Silverlights goal is to influence the Windows Presentation foundation framework (WPF), the .NET framework and also its ascertained developer base. WPF is used to present a visual front end for all windows foundational applications. Flex has a wide selection of out of the box elements like DataGrid, Tree and Panel which are employed to deliver the view of a Flex RIA. These flex applications are collected into Flash bytecode and it runs in Flash Player. It also influences Flash transitions and animations and supports media streaming and data push. Flex applications programming is done in combination of MXML and Action Script languages. When it comes to Silverlight this type of programming is not possible (Chris Giametta, 2009). Adobe flex events are more spontaneous than the Silverlight to implement. This can be defined as static resources in App.Xaml and compiled into the application. These two tools provide XML based mark-up language and with convenient methods for designing controls. But there are some differences which are practically proved between these two tools-Flexs MXML and Silverlights XAML. Prior tool is assembled straight into Action Script modules. If Flex builder is used, then developer could set a breakpoint directly in MXML and wait for it to be performed. After breakpoint is reached the object and its related property assessments can be examined. Silver lights XAML is gathered into common runtime object code. This creates problems with debugging. This tool is less compact and is more flexible than flex (David Roossien, 2009). Technical Analysis: iStore project is divided into two modules the first module is Admin which got two things iStore admin and store admin and the second module is User . User Features: Home Login Categories Featured Stores Products Product Description About Us Contact Us Shopping Cart Check Out Payment Options ( Card or Cash) My Orders Search Logout Store Admin features: Login Manage Orders Products Add new Products Logout iStore Admin Features : Login Manage Orders Manage Stores Add new stores Manage Categories Add new categories Customers Change Password Logout Application Analysis Design: Application Implementation: iStore project has been implemented using PHP, Adobe Flex Builder and My SQL. This project is divided into two modules such as Admin module and User module. Admin Module This module got two categories iStore Admin and Store Admin. iStore Admin Login Page:  Here the admin users login in to the site using the login details provided by the iStore team. If the admin enters wrong user name and password then user will be prompted to re-enter the correct user name and password. When the login details are successful the webpage redirects to the Home page which is Manage Order. Once the admin is logged in he got the permissions to manage the stores, categories or change password as the admin is given with some default password. Manage Stores:  Admin is responsible to manage the stores i.e., adding the new stores are editing the stores that is deleting the existing the stores ,or by clicking on the products link in the product of the table which is displayed in the form admin can view all the available products under a particular store name and can manage the products as well. Manage icon in the manage field of the table is used to edit the required attribute with respect to the products and the stores in the site. Delete icon is used to delete the stores which are no more required or no more posting the products onto the site. On the top right corner of the table there is link called Add New Store through which the admin can enter new store and register them accordingly.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Add new Store:  This form is accessed by the admin user to add new stores so that the user can post the new products or services into the site by creating the new store. Here in this form it is required to give the store name logo, image of the store and branch of the store with a user name and password so that the store admin can login to add the products, when the iStore admin wants to add a new store. Here it is even required to mention the status of the store whether it is active or inactive by selecting check box given in the form. The Store logo is displayed on the home page of the user . Manage categories:  This form is used to manage the products that are posted onto the site. This is done by the admin user to manage the products and its arability on the site. Here by clicking on the icon in manage field of the table category details can be edited according to their requirement and specifications. If the admin wants to delete the field admin can do that by just clicking on that delete icon. On the top right corner of the table there is link call Add New Category through which the admin can enter the new category or the products type into the site. Thus the product type or the categories can be managed by the admin through this form in the site.       New Category:  This form is sued to enter the new categories of the products into the site. When the admin clicks on the top link in the manage categories form the form will be redirected to this page. In the form admin can enter the details of the new category they want to enter into the site and even have to mention the status of the category by selecting the check box active in the form to keep that particular category in active state and once save button is clicked the category is saved. And the page will be redirect to the list of the categories page. Admin Categories Page In this page the list of categories will be displayed and there will be option for the admin to update and delete the category. On the right corner there is a link called add categories if this is clicked then it will redirect to the new category page. Admin Add new Products In this page the admin can add the product providing the details that are required for adding a new product. The fields in that page are selection of the category giving the product name, image , video , cost and description of the product. And there is a check box called Active if it is checked then that particular product will be displayed on the product page under selected category and if it is not checked then the product will not be displayed. After that admin just needs to click on the save button. Then the page is redirect to the list of products under that particular store. Even the store admin can also add the new products if required. Admin manage Products In this page the list of added products are displayed and the admin can manage the product by clicking on the manage icon and can also delete the product by clicking on the delete icon. Manage Order: In this page the admin can see the order and can modify the status of the delivery of the order. Clicking on Order Info will give the complete order details including how the payment is made, list of items purchased, total amount paid etc. Clicking on manage will provide the option of editing the status. Change Password: In this page the admin can change his password by typing new password field and retype password field, and clicking on the save button. Log Out Every form have the log out link on the top right corner when clicked on that link then the admin is logged out from that account. Store Admin Module : Login: The store admin can login to check the orders , products for particular category. Manage Order: In this page the admin can see the order and can modify the status of the delivery of the order. Clicking on Order Info will give the complete order details including how the payment is made, list of items purchased, total amount paid etc. Clicking on manage will provide the option of editing the status. Products In this page the list of added products are displayed and the admin can manage the product by clicking on the manage icon and can also delete the product by clicking on the delete icon. Add new Products In this page the admin can add the product providing the details that are required for adding a new product. The fields in that page are selection of the category giving the product name, image , video , cost and description of the product. And there is a check box called Active if it is checked then that particular product will be displayed on the product page under selected category and if it is not checked then the product will not be displayed. After that admin just needs to click on the save button. Then the page is redirect to the list of products under that particular store. Even the iStore admin can also add the new products if required. Log Out Every form have the log out link on the top right corner when clicked on that link then the admin is logged out from that account. Customer Module Home Page Home page is the initial page of the Website. In this page on the top right corner there are four links they are Home, Products, about us and Contact us. By clicking on the about us link the page is forwarded to the about us page. If clicked on the products or contact us they forward to their respective pages. On the left side of the home page there is a panel for login in t

A Holographic Interpretation of the Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

A Holographic Interpretation of the Scarlet Letter Comprehension of anything requires a framework already in place in order to place it in out sphere of reference. Especially those that are "fuzzy" or difficult to nail down. The brain and the atom are not fully understood, but by comparing functions, structures, and similar operations to known items or concepts one can obtain a hold on the unknown and even extrapolate unknown processes from known ones. (For example, the brain is similar to a computer. They both have memory, input/output, and similar structures-transistors to synapses.) This technique works with literature and a deeper understanding a grasp of a book's meaning becomes possible. The Scarlet Letter can be viewed through an understanding of the operation and production of holograms. First, an understanding of the holographic process is needed before any comparisons are possible. First and foremost a hologram requires a source of coherent wave- like energy. The second is a recording medium of extremely high resolution to record the microscopic interference patterns of light. The third major requirement is utter stability and freedom from vibrations. As for producing an actual hologram, here is described a two-beam transmission holograph. (So named because viewing it requires shining the same coherent light back through it) The laser is placed on a platform in the sand and a mirror directs the light diagonally across the table. A beamsplitter divides the beam into two parts. One goes to a mirror that directs the light through a spreading lens onto the photographic plate at an angle. The other beam is bounced off a mirror and through a spreading lens onto the object to be holographed. The table is allowed to settle and an exposure made. The light from the first beam, called the reference beam, and the reflected light from the object combine to produce microscopic inte rference patterns through constructive and destructive interference. Since light is a wave, when two coherent beams intersect depending on their phase they either add or subtract strengths forming areas of lightness and darkness that are captured by the photographic plate. After development the hologram is viewed with light from the same laser at the same angle as

Different Types of Digital Libraries Essay example -- Computer Technol

Digital libraries are libraries in which collections are stored in a digital format. A digital library has also been known as a virtual or electronic library. In this essay, different types of digital libraries will be compared. This essay will provide an in depth look at the many different digital library programs that have had a profound impact on the field of digital libraries. Archival formats will be explored. Techniques for the conversion of textbased formats into digital formats will be analyzed and compared. This essay will also uncover the pros and cons of a digital library compared to a traditional library. Suggestions for the future of digital libraries will also be considered. In 1945, Vannevar Bush had a vision. In his article, "As We May Think," he describes a technical fix for the information explosion that begun after World War II. Vannevar named this technical fix the Memex. The Memex was descibed as "a device in which an individual stores all his books, records and communications which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility" (Bush, 1945). Vannevar was most certainly a visionary. His ideas were well before his time. His idea of the Memex can be considered the basis for digital libraries and maybe even the world wide web. In the 1980s, libraries card catalogs were being replaced by Online Public Access Catalogs (OPACs). These were usually closed systems that could contain little more than bibliographic data. Most OPACs were are done in Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC) format. It generally represents an individually published item or "information product," and describes the physical characteristics of the item itself (Brenner et al, 20... ... Materials. A Case for Full Information Capture. Digital Library Magazine. Digital Library Foundation (1995). America's Heritage: Mission and Goals for a Digital Library Federation. Retrieved April 25, 2007, from http://www.diglib.org/about/dlfcharter.htm American Memory, The Library of Congress. Mission and History. Retrieved April 24, 2007, from http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/about/index.html Morgan, E (2007). Alex Catalogue of Electronic Texts. Retrieved April 26, 2007, from http://www.infomotions.com/alex/ Alexandria Digital Library Project (2007). About ADL. Retrieved April 26, 2007, from http://www.alexandria.ucsb.edu/research/about/history.htm CSDL (2007). The Center for the Study of Digital Libraries. Texas A&M. Retrieved April 25, 2007, from http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/csdl/center/center.html

Jewish Culture in Nursing

1. The Jewish culture has many concepts of taboo. One of the biggest items found was the importance of remembering the past. Past is a very important aspect in the Jewish community, even the breaking of a glass at the end of a wedding, symbolizes the destruction of a temple during an invasion from the Roman Army. (Giger and Davidhizar, 2008, p. 598) During childbirth, a husband may be in the room with his wife but may not participate other than coaching. He is not allowed to view or see the vaginal area or touch his wife.After the delivery, he may lean over to his wife, careful not to touch, and say â€Å"Mazal tov† or good luck, congratulations. (Giger and Davidhizar, 2008, p. 596) After delivery it is important to be careful around the baby. Jewish people believe that is the nipple is pulled to fast from the child, falling on the head, or failing to place a cap on the head of the infant are all causes of fallen fontanel. The symptoms of this include crying, fever, vomiting, and diarrhea; but modern practice shows us that the causes of these symptoms are from dehydration.The evil eye, or mal ojo, is a feared illness that is caused from someone admiring a child and that person has a frustrated wish to hold the child, but for a reason unknown, the person is unable to fulfill the wish. Hours later the child has fever, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite. Also, it suggests the child’s eyes will roll in the back of the head, and will become listless. This is probably the result of dehydration, but this is one perceived cause of a chronic illness. (Andrews and Boyle, 2008, p. 132) 2.If a follower of Judaism becomes ill, it is a common trend for the entire family to pull together and take care of the person. When the dying process starts a nurse should know that there is a strong need for a confessional. (Giger and Davidhizar, 2008, p. 606) If a person of Jewish faith passes away, the body must not be touched by a person of opposite sex. If this happen s the body will be considered contaminated. All articles of clothing and any personal items that have come into contact with blood must be left with the body and not be touched.Blood is sacred and must be buried along with the body. The body is removed to a sacred temple where the body is washed from head to toe in warm water, being careful not to turn the face towards the ground. The body will be dressed in white burial shrouds, tachrichim, and will be buried in a simple pine wood box. This is done so no one can distinguish wealth. (Klug, 2013, p. 1) This is all a part in a traditional ritual of the Jewish faith. 2B. This writer doesn’t believe in the above mentioned taboos.Reading this information has sparked an interest in the cultural beliefs held by Judaism. Current beliefs are influenced by religion and basic humanity procedures for the dying and deceased. Religion has influenced death as a passing of one person to heaven or hell. Humanity procedures that are followed a re the cleansing of a body, the placement in a casket, visitation and burial, and grieving by family and friends. 2C. Influence in practice is based off of the religions of the patients request or family beliefs.As a hospice nurse, personal beliefs do not affect work habits. There are many different patient rights that are noted and followed. Giger, J. N. , & Davidhizar, R. E. (2008). Transcultural nursing: Assessment and intervention (5th ed. ). St. Louis, MO: Mosby. Andrews, M. M. , & Boyle, J. S. (2008). Transcultural concepts in nursing care (5thed. ). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. Klug, L. A. (2013). Jewish Life. Jewish Funeral Customs: Saying Goodbye to a Loved One. Retrieved Feb. 5, 2013, from http://www. jewishfederations. org/funeral-customs. aspx? print=1

Reflective Assignment About a Personal Teaching Philosophy

Every pedagogue should possess his or her ain alone set of learning doctrine which suits the ever-changing demands and demands of instruction in today ‘s society. Exploring and developing the beliefs of learning drama an of import function in lending to the success of an pedagogue in the instruction profession. This learning doctrine has been shaped by my personal experience when functioning my alma mater as a alleviation instructor. It will function as a model for my boarding to the profession of instruction with the purpose of success in learning.My Concept of Learningâ€Å" Which came foremost, the poulet or the egg? † If my pupil were to inquire me this inquiry, I would likely smile at him and answer, â€Å" Why do n't you happen out and state me? † My extreme belief about acquisition is that it is non merely merely a â€Å" procedure of geting cognition or accomplishments † ( â€Å" dictionary.com † , 2010 ) but besides a journey of find where s ometimes the journey of find is more of import than the find itself. This construct of acquisition can be illustrated by [ The ] Constructivist Learning Theory ( â€Å" Teaching with the Constructivist Learning Theory † , 2010 ) which states that pupils learn best when they generate their ain cognition alternatively of holding person to bring forth for them. Learning would non be meaningful if everything is traveling to be spoon-fed to the pupil. I believe that merely by larning through errors or experiences, it would do the pupil retrieve what went incorrect during the procedure and that they would non reiterate the error once more. This is why this construct has been embraced for effectual acquisition ( Oon Seng Tan, 2011, p. 476 ) .The Learner and his functionsIn the class of acquisition, the pupils should â€Å" larn to be responsible for their ain actions † and be able to â€Å" take pride in their work † ( Urrutia, 2010 ) . My ends for my pupils is non mer ely about accomplishing good classs in the facet of faculty members, but besides to learn them the important accomplishments of endurance when they enter into the â€Å" existent universe † outside the schoolroom. This is likely why we have our really ain NIE jersey that says â€Å" We develop all other professions! †The Learning EnvironmentHiking the assurance and developing good communicating accomplishments in each person is one of the of import facets in fixing our pupils for the existent universe. This can be achieved by â€Å" making a supportive schoolroom environment † ( McCutcheon, 2006, p. 30 ) where it is non-threatening but fun-filled. Students shall be given adequate chances to talk up and portion their experiences. Based on my past experience, one of the â€Å" house regulations † I imposed within my schoolroom was to do all my pupils applaud and cheer enthusiastically after any signifier of unwritten presentation ; be it a short transition reading or traveling up on phase to execute. The construct of this method is to give the take parting pupil a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction and that it would easy alter them to go more confident as a individual. Simple encouragement words or congratulationss like â€Å" Well done! You ‘ve done us proud! † should non be neglected in the class of constructing their assurance. After fiting with the assurance to talk up in category, the pupils would so be able to associate and pass on more with me, therefore larning through this type of environment would be much more meaningful and effectual.The instructor and his functionsThe different functions of instructor are excessively many to advert. In my position, one of the most of import functions of a instructor is to guarantee that what is being taught has been understood by the pupils. In order to recognize that, I should invariably develop new competences in order to maintain up with the society ‘s altering outlooks by being every bit resourceful as possible. Possessing a willing-to-learn attitude, I should invariably update myself with the latest engineering by subscribing up for IT-courses, acquiring myself in touch with information, tendencies and planetary issues that are most up-to-date through activities like go toing educational negotiations or even take parting in forums. Bing unfastened to other suggestions and advices from co-workers besides help to better on my instruction schemes. With the expanded cognition and updated accomplishments, successful instruction can farther be achieved when I guarantee that every lesson has been prepared adequately to demo my professionalism. Bing a resourceful instructor would assist me derive the regard from my pupils. On top of that, I should take to construct a good resonance with my pupils. This could be done through simple Acts of the Apostless like holding a repast with them during deferral clip, or even holding a hoops game with them a fter category. By tie ining myself more with the pupils, it can assist me derive their trust for me and that they would handle me as person more than merely their instructor. In the instruction profession, there are many more constructs and theories out at that place that would help me in my instruction. However, the theories of Constructivism and Professionalism can be found within the basicss of my instruction doctrine. Reflections shall be done after every lesson to guarantee that I have adopted and use the suited theories for my category. As I enter into the instruction profession, it is of import that new beliefs of learning be explored in order for me to accomplish success in learning. I believe the foundations should be able to steer me throughout the journey of learning profession and it shall help me in my growing as an pedagogue personally and professionally. Last, it is besides of import for our learning doctrine to do conform to the values of Ministry of Education in order to accomplish the desire outcomes in pupils.

The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens

You ever wish there was a step-by-step guide to life? Something that can help you improve your self-image, build friendships, and most importantly achieve your goals? In The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens, it guides you to live up to your potential by inspiring and motivating you with positive strategies. In addition, this book is filled with quotes and stories about real people in real scenarios, making this relatable to any age group facing difficult situations. â€Å"Look at this as an opportunity to grow† (Covey 57). I have always been a huge procrastinator.I would put off my schoolwork until the last minute and then cram it all the night before. And to top that off I was also a Yes-man so I would worry about my friends’ work rather than my own. Definitely not a good combination. You can obviously notice the lack of performance I showed, especially in my grades. I went from being a straight â€Å"A† student, to a â€Å"B and C† average. I didn†™t pay much attention to it though because everyone else had the same problem as well. I was surrounded by procrastinators, leading me to think that what I was doing was acceptable.It was not until I started to read The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens that I noticed my bad habit. I didn’t even consider it a habit until I read a part in the book and realized that it sounded so familiar. Like if they had used my own personal experience and wrote it down word by word. I never really put any thought to how a simple thing can cause such an effect to me, and not just in my school life, but also my personal life. It was that moment when I promised myself to change. Change into a better me because I am capable of better. I am capable of being a Prioritizer, instead of a Procrastinator.I am capable of living a healthy and balanced life. I am capable of achieving my lifetime goals and continuously live up to my full potential. But how can I make a change? Where do I even begin? Wh en my teacher introduced me to this book, I had finally found the solution to my problems. Because unlike any other book, this book feels like it speaks directly to me. Like if it was my very own personal mentor, but even better because it’s in the comfort of my own hands. It not only pointed out my flaws, but also suggested various forms of how I can make a change. I am habit† (Covey 1). Little by little, I was slowly improving my way of life. I highly recommend everyone to read this book, even if you feel that you’re perfectly fine. Just read it and if you can relate to any of the stories used in the book, then you know that you have to fix something in your life. Take it as a blessing. â€Å"These problems are real, and you can’t turn off real life. So I won’t. Instead, I’ll give you a set of tools to help you deal with real life. What are they? The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens† (Covey 5).

Activities of Investment Banking Essay

The Investment bank is the financial institution which assists the governments, corporations and the individuals in raising the capital by acting or underwriting as the agent of the client in issuance of securities. The investment bank can also help the companies which are involved in acquisitions and mergers, and offer ancillary services like the trading of the derivatives, market making, foreign exchanges, instruments of the fixed income, equity securities and commodities. Unlike the retail banks and commercial banks, the investment banks don’t take the deposits. There are commonly two main channels in the process of investment banking. Trading the cash for securities like market making, facilitating transactions or for cash or for the promotion of the securities like research, underwriting is known as the sell side, while correlate with the mutual funds, hedge funds, pension funds and investment public comprises the buy side. Various companies have sell and buy side components. What are the main activities of the investment banking? The investment banking is generally split into back office, middle office and front office activities. While the big service investment banks provide all the channels of the business both buy side and sell side. The little sell side investment companies like as the small broker dealers and the boutique investment banks focus on the trading/sales/research and investment banking respectively. The Investment banks also provide services to both the investors buying securities and the corporations issuing securities. For the corporations, the investment banking provide information on how and when to place the securities on the open market, this activity is very much important to the reputation of any investment bank. Thus, the investment bankers play a key role in issuing the new offerings of the securities. Other activities of the investment banking: Apart from the main activities, there are some additional activities, in which the process of investment banking is involved. These are: †¢ Global transaction banking: This part is the division of investment banking which offers custody services, cash management, security brokerage and lending services to various institutions. Hedge funds with Prime brokerage is especially a risky as well as profitable business. †¢ Merchant banking: This process is also known as the â€Å"very personal banking†. The merchant banks provide capitals in exchange for the share ownerships and also provide information on strategy and management. The term merchant banking is also used to define the private equity part of any company. †¢ Investment management: This service offers professional management of several securities like bonds, shares and of other assets like real estate to meet with certain goals of investment for the profit of the investors. These investors can be institutions like pension funds, insurance companies, corporations and many more or the private investors. †¢ The investment management division of an investment bank is generally divided into separate groups, often known as Private Wealth Management and Private Client Services. †¢ Merchant banking is also a name used to describe the private equity side of a firm.Merchant Banking: Past and Present Current examples include Defoe Fournier & Cie. and JPMorgan’s One Equity Partners and the original J.P. Morgan & Co. Rothschilds, Barings, Warburgs and Morgans were all merchant banks. (Originally, â€Å"merchant bank† was the British English term for an investment bank.) Reference: http://classof1.com/homework-help/finance-homework-help/

Income Tax Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Income Tax - Coursework Example 2. Wages and salaries was composed of: †¨Salary taken by Ronni,  £25,000 †¨Wages paid to Bryn (Ronni’s father) for work done to repair bicycles, at a rate of  £20 per hour (30 hrs x 48 weeks) =  £28,800 †¨Wages paid to assistant bicycle repairer at a rate of  £15 per hour (30 hrs x 48 weeks) =  £21,600 †¨Casual help in shop,  £5,400 †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ 4. Repairs and renewals was composed of: †¨Repairs to warehouse floor  £850 †¨Repairs to flat above shop  £750 †¨Cleaning materials  £300 †¨Cleaning contract for shop and workshop †¨Ã‚ £500 †¨Sundry small items  £250 †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ 5. Motor Expenses mainly for the cost of running Ronni’s estate car used for collecting/delivering broken/mended bicycles and for transporting items for the shop from the cash and carry outlet. Private use of the car had been agreed at 30%. †¨Diesel fuel, car  £8500 †¨Insurance for car  £1200 †¨Repairs, car  £350 †¨Road fund tax, car  £375 †¨Rental of van  £600 †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ 7. Sundry expenses of were composed of: †¨Subscription to magazine, ‘Cycling Today’ †¨Ã‚ £100 †¨Subscription to Green party  £50 †¨Subscription to ‘New Transport Systems’ †¨Ã‚ £24 †¨Sponsorship of local junior school cycling proficiency awards  £50 †¨Donation to Green party  £25 †¨Donation to local hospital A&E department (Ronni had an accident and broke her arm)  £100 †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Postage, stationery and telephone expenses  £100 †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Accountancy charges  £80 †¨Sundry other items  £100†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ Calculate the taxable trading profit for Ronni’s business for the year ended 30 September 2011. †¨You should provide your own data where none is given, ensuring that you retain a taxable trading profit (i.e. not a trading loss) and should ensure that you choose data that will fully demonstrate your knowledge of taxation. Calculate the Income tax payable by Ronni for the tax year 2011/12, providing your own data where none is given, to fully demonstrate your knowledge

Description of Nick Vujicic video Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Description of Nick Vujicic video - Essay Example † he even suggest that he should take the wheelchair to be â€Å"pimped.† This is supposed to make the wheelchair look fancy and flashy, as it is added some accessories such as spinning metallic wheels on the wheels. He talks with a lot of humor about the wheelchair showing the love he has for this facility; furthermore it is the wheelchair that makes him move around. Nick suggest that the hydraulics system that will be installed in the wheelchair after it is â€Å"pimped† will make him bump while crossing the road. He loves his wheelchair very much, and he even say he would find it ‘cool’ if he could play his drums while on the wheelchair. Nick Vujicic explains to the students that he doesn’t have limbs, and nothing happened to him as he was born in that state. There is no medical reason to even explain his situation, but though he has no arms nor legs there is something that he likes about this situation. He says though he has no legs he has his â€Å"little chicken drumstick.† He call that part ‘chicken drumstick’ because resembles one and also his dog thinks is one. He explains how his dog thinks it’s a chicken drumstick, and this prompt the dog to come have a bite, but fortunately he manages to chase it away each time. But this does not make him bitter, rather this phenomena makes him better. Every person who meets him wonder what happened to him, and sometimes he jokingly says its cigarette. He has even been described as an alien but some kids, while other kids freak out when they see him. This â€Å"chicken drumstick† he has enabled him to do several things such as typing , writing, and even learn sign language as he demonstrates the peace sign. This is very inspiring, despite the fact that he doesn’t have limbs and arms he can do some activities such as swimming that most people blessed with arms and limbs can’t swim. He even gave a demonstration playing some drums perfectly. The students are even shocked that he can kick a tennis ball that

Nursing documentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing documentation - Essay Example (Ammenwerth et al., 2003; Audit Commission, 2002) 'A nurse from Coventry was recently removed from the national register after failing to keep accurate records for patients in her care. She was found guilty of seven charges of misconduct. The committee heard that she failed to ensure care plans were prepared for several patients covering issues such as diabetes, pain management and dietary needs. On one occasion, she failed to notify staff of a patient's increased risk of hemorrhage following a drug error. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) found the nurse had systematically neglected a basic and crucial duty to keep proper records for the management of patient care.' (Griffin, 2004) And this is only one of the cases found in literature, in relation to the negligence, with which the nurses treat the importance of making records. Castledine (2005) reports about the failures to carry on proper documentation in the Freda House. Freda House is described by him as the establishment for treating blind people. Due to the improper records, which one of the nurses - Bob - was making, many patients and older people in the Freda House were mistreated and had health complications. As a result, 'The managers of Freda House decided to refer Bob to the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) because of the poor explanations and excuses for his actions. He was charged by the NMC with: (1) Completing medication records when the drugs had not been administered; (2) Falsely completing nursing records relating to wound dressings which had not been changed; (3) Failing to change residents' dressings while indicating that he had done so in the patients' care plans; (4) Failing to report at handover to the nurse in charge that he had not administered drugs or changed patients' dressings; (5) Failing to clean the eyes of a resident.' (Castledine, 2005). Of course, this only proves how nurses have got accustomed to the thought that documentation is the skill second to nursing (Tingle, 2001), not understanding its importance for the patient's health. The similar cases are also described by Tingle (2001), British Journal of Nursing (October, 2000), Johnston (1998), Moody (2001). It was surprising to read the work of Bjorvell, Wredling and Thorell-Ekstrand (2003), in which they have come to conclusion that 'most participants, regardless of group, perceived nursing documentation to be beneficial to them in their daily practice and to increase patient safety'. Why then do we have so many reports of the health complications, which appear as a result of the misleading or false nursing records (Anderson, 2000; Charles et al, 2000; Tingle, 1998) Many articles describe the importance of carrying correct nursing records. (Wright, 2003; Scottish Executive, 1999; Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2002; Dion, 2001) For example, Owen (2005) writes in her article, that 'Documenting patient care is extremely important in the community setting as nurses usually visit patients alone, sometimes with long periods between each visit. The only way that the nurse can legally communicate the care that has been delivered is by writing effective records. Nursing records are usually held by the patient, enabling information to be shared easily between visiting practitioners.

Culturally Competent Nursing Care Research Paper

Culturally Competent Nursing Care - Research Paper Example Physical gestures and body language are largely influenced by cultural practices, which might reflect contradictory mannerism for nurses (Sanchez & Gaw, 2007). c) These Asian Americans come from a medical community where medications are very commonly used and recommended by practitioners. Thus, they have inherent expectations of being prescribed medicines on their regular checkups by general physicians. They are not openly willing to modern therapies and do not easily accept unconventional non-medication treatments (Tseng, 2003). d) Since they belong to a minority, they have built-in inferiority complex that needs to be eradicated prior to initiating treatment. A neutral and impersonal therapy, which might work normally for masses, can be alienating for Filipinos since they are not familiar with the professional psychiatric approach. e) One of the core attitudes exhibited by minorities, like Filipinos, is the sensitivity towards their ethnic beliefs and religious rituals. Often, they break into an argument with medical personnel, based on their conflicting opinions that are shaped by their spiritual practices. Recommendations for culturally competent care Considering the abovementioned problems faced by nursing staff with respect to their caretaking duties towards Filipino patients, it is essential that they are well-prepared and trained to furnish culturally competent services. To combat these issues, medical practitioners shall follow the following guidelines: a) Effective communication with patients is pivotal for ensuring professionalism and cultural consideration. Nurses must be well-conversed in different languages and must take utmost care when deciding to either speak directly with the patient or otherwise indirectly through their family members.... Filipinos represent one of the largest and poorest proportions of minorities in various countries around the world. Due to lack of sufficient funds, these Asians tend to avoid using healthcare facilities until they suffer from a critical injury or chronic disease. Even in such extreme cases, they prefer to abandon the treatment procedures on premature terms to minimize due charges. It is evident from aforementioned arguments that medical practitioners and nurses have extensive responsibilities towards stabilization of cultural differences. They must consider and recognize all potential disparities that might eventually become a cause of conflict or discrimination. However, it is not possible for staff members to support this cause independently on their own; healthcare organizations must establish strong structure, environment and workforce that are adequate to meet the diversified needs of patients belonging to different cultures and languages. Cultural competence can be achieved on ly through radical improvements in the overall system and society as a whole.